Thursday, 18 December 2025

The CSIAP Records Outstanding Performance Delivering Strong Results by 3Q 2025

The Climate Smart Irrigated Agriculture Project (CSIAP) has made substantial progress toward achieving its Project Development Objective, with most Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) nearing or exceeding expected targets by the end of the third quarter of 2025. Overall performance reflects strong physical implementation, meaningful beneficiary outreach, and measurable improvements in climate-smart agricultural productivity, despite some delays in financial disbursements.

Achievement of Key Performance Indicators
At the time of reporting, the project’s performance indicators demonstrate significant improvement over baseline values. Cropping intensity has reached 150%, surpassing the project target of 135% and improving markedly from the baseline of 110%. This indicates more effective utilization of cultivated land and enhanced productivity through improved irrigation and agronomic practices.

Cropping diversity has also shown remarkable progress. During the most recent Yala season, cropping diversity reached 49.7%, compared to a baseline of 10 percent and very close to the project target of 50%. This improvement reflects successful promotion of diversified cropping systems, contributing to climate resilience and income stability for farmers.

The target area under improved Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices is 55,000 hectares. As of the end of the third quarter of 2025, approximately 35,000 hectares have been brought under improved CSA interventions, demonstrating steady progress toward the final target.

The number of direct beneficiaries reached by the project stands at 367,491, which is close to the end-of-project target of 470,000 beneficiaries. Of this total, 161,907 beneficiaries are women, highlighting the project’s strong emphasis on gender inclusion and women’s participation in agriculture-based livelihoods.

Financial and Physical Progress
The annual government budget allocation for the year 2025 amounted to LKR 8,775 million. An action plan was developed in line with this allocation; however, by the end of the third quarter, only LKR 2,893.99 million had been spent on project activities. As a result, cumulative financial expenditure reached LKR 27,009.13 million, equivalent to USD 90.03 million (at an exchange rate of USD 1 = LKR 300), reflecting an overall financial progress of 76%. 

In contrast, cumulative physical progress of the project reached 90 percent by the end of the third quarter. The observed gap between physical and financial progress is mainly attributed to delays in the submission of bills by contractors for completed works and delays in bill certification processes in certain instances. These issues have been recognized, and measures are being taken to expedite financial disbursements.

Irrigation Rehabilitation and Water Management
Rehabilitation of irrigation systems has progressed well across project areas. Under Phase I, out of the agreed 476 tanks to be rehabilitated within 72 cascades, 465 tanks have been successfully completed. Under Phase II, 179 irrigation systems were initially identified for rehabilitation; however, two tanks were cancelled due to implementation issues. As a result, 177 tanks are currently under rehabilitation, with approximately 20 tanks already completed.

Under the water management component, water use efficiency has been piloted in 50 tanks across cultivation seasons. For the 2025 Yala season, the average water use efficiency increase for paddy cultivation was measured at 38.6 percent, exceeding the project’s expected improvement of 30 percent. This demonstrates the effectiveness of improved water management practices introduced by the project.

Support to Farmers and CSA Interventions
The project continues to support beneficiaries through micro-irrigation systems and agro-well rehabilitation. To date, 1,331 agro-wells have been renovated out of a target of 1,475 wells. Under Phase II, 196 agro-wells are under implementation out of the 211 identified. These agro-wells support the cultivation of vegetables, green chilies, onions, and other Other Field Crops (OFCs).

Approximately 66,000 beneficiaries have received agricultural assets and services. Extensive farmer training programs on CSA practices have been conducted across six provinces. Under CSA interventions such as micro-irrigation, home gardening, agronomic improvements, inter-season cultivation, seed production, and organic manure production, a total of 100,198 farmers have participated in 3,291 training programs.

Farmers using micro-irrigation systems primarily cultivate onions, green chilies, and vegetables, while inter-season cultivation activities focus mainly on green gram and other OFCs. Compost production activities have progressed well, achieving 42,390 metric tons out of the target of 45,000 metric tons, with most compost used for home gardening.

Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening
Training on CSA practices at the Thirappane Farmer Training School has been conducted as planned. By the end of the third quarter, 2,946 lead farmers and trainers participated in 131 training programs. These trained individuals are expected to transfer knowledge and skills to peer farmers within their communities.

The Farm Business School (FBS) program has been instrumental in developing entrepreneurial and managerial capacities among farmers, transitioning them from subsistence farming to market-oriented, climate-smart agriculture. A total of 159 trainers, including Agriculture Instructors and Agriculture Facilitators, completed training across 12 FBS modules. These trainers have begun disseminating knowledge to approximately 15,000 farmers in hotspot areas. To date, 11,335 farmers have completed all 12 modules, while an additional 1,200 farmers are currently undergoing training.

Sustainability, Market Linkages, and Community Institutions
To ensure sustainability of project interventions, 544 Farmer Producer Societies and 45 Farmer Producer Associations have been established. These institutions facilitate collective marketing, enhance bargaining power, and improve market access for farmers. So far, around 43 market linkages have been successfully established.

For effective operation and maintenance of irrigation systems, 60 Cascade Management Committees (CMCs) have been formed. Of these, 59 cascade management plans have been completed, and implementation has begun on 141 identified activities, including 32 tree planting initiatives and 109 construction activities. Farmer organizations have also received training on cascade management, leadership, bookkeeping, and water management.

The project supported the establishment of solar-powered seasonal electric fences to protect crops, completing 765 kilometers of fencing, with an additional 1,000 kilometers currently under progress for the upcoming Maha season.

Environmental, Social, and Technological Interventions
Tree planting campaigns have been conducted to improve catchment areas through reforestation, agroforestry, wind barriers, Kattakaduwa development, and compensatory planting. Social safeguard and gender-related training programs are ongoing, while the grievance redress mechanism is functioning effectively, with all reported grievances addressed.

Laser land leveling has been introduced to improve water-use efficiency and paddy productivity, covering 21 hectares to date. Two laser leveling machines have been procured and distributed to the North Western Province and Northern Province Departments of Agriculture. Additionally, initial steps have been completed to establish a Climate Smart Irrigated Agriculture Unit within the Ministry.

Monitoring, Evaluation, and Communication
Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) activities and ICT initiatives are progressing well, with approximately 2,350 IEC programs conducted across various subject areas. Five social media platforms are actively maintained to disseminate project information. Data entry into the Management Information System (MIS) has reached approximately 95% completion.

Monitoring and evaluation activities are ongoing, including the development of a farmer-level database, which is now at its final stage under the guidance of a database management consultant. An independent outcome survey has been conducted using university undergraduates as enumerators, with analysis and reporting currently underway. Preparation of the Borrower’s Implementation Completion Report has also commenced through an independent consultancy firm.

Governance, Supervision, and Reporting
Project implementation is regularly reviewed through progress review meetings, National Steering Committee (NSC) meetings, and Provincial Steering Committee meetings. World Bank supervision missions are conducted regularly, with 14 missions completed to date. To expedite fund disbursement by the end of December 2025, special weekly virtual progress review sessions have been scheduled with the World Bank team, in addition to bi-monthly reviews by the project team, routine field supervision, and quarterly and annual reporting to stakeholders.

Written by Samantha Mallawaarachchi, IEC & ICT Specialist, PMU, CSIAP
Data provided by Asoka Koralage, Monitoring and Evaluation Officer, PMU, CSIAP