Empowering Women on Household Food Security and Rural Resilience

Unique Home Garden Programme - A case study from Sri Lanka

The empowerment of female farmers and female-headed households remains a key project development objective of the Climate Smart Irrigated Agriculture Project (CSIAP). The ongoing CSIAP since 2019 has not only mandated 50% of beneficiaries in all its programmes to be females but also designed and implemented an exclusively women-centric programme aiming to create Climate-Smart Nutritional Sensitive Home Gardens (CSNSHG) across 11 economically and climatically vulnerable districts in Sri Lanka.

 The CSIAP has helped to create 4,230 home gardens so far - 2695 in 2020, and 1535 in 2021. Being part of the homesteads, these gardens are small in size, usually about 0.10 ha (or 0.25 ac). But the combined area of all home gardens established so far is about 398 ha. Under CSNSHG, beneficiaries are provided with seeds, planting materials, water-saving equipment, training and knowledge transfer, and extension support free of charge. Exposure visits are also arranged to facilitate experience sharing and learning across regions. In view of its crucial role in household food, nutritional security, cost-cutting and income addition, CSNSHG has an excellent reception among women across project regions, so much so that it is one of the most popular and impact-oriented programmes of CSIAP.

Results from a 2021 survey provide evidence of significant income and consumption impacts of the CSNSHG programme (see Tables 1 and 2), on average, each garden produced vegetables worth LKR 16,817/family/season. Besides, savings in food costs are also reported to the tune of LKR 4,733/family/season. While 30% of families derived income from vegetable sales, 33% of families reported significant savings from food costs. As 70% of families reported self-consumption of home garden outputs or sharing the same with neighbours, there is evidence for the contributory role of CSNSHG to household food and nutrition security, especially during the challenging period of the pandemic. 

In terms of sustainability, CSNSHGs are designed to support each family with only a one-time investment and related support, but having gained knowledge and realized benefits, more than 90% of families have reported continuing with their home gardens even after the programme.

While the economic and food security impacts of CSNSHG have a powerful empowering role, equally, if not more, the subtle but real impacts on rural women in terms of self-reliance, organizational inclusiveness, sense of solidarity, leadership skills, and time reallocation from routine chores towards more productive and fulfilling activities are important. The formation of women producer societies, training and skill development programmes, and group exposure visits have also created such impacts. These impacts were observed during field visits. It is also observed that homestead vegetable production fits well to women’s livelihood strategies and time and resource availability.

In addition, CSNSHG has also created new knowledge and skills in applying climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies, organic fertilizers developed from composted household wastes, and integrated farming systems on a small scale at the homestead level. Since women have learned to produce seeds and planting materials for the next season, the cost on them has been reduced thereby improving the chance of continuity of home gardens. There are also significant spill-over effects on their children as they develop new knowledge on food security, nutrition, and health while they observe their home garden. From a larger perspective, home gardens are one of the key mechanisms for ensuring economic and climate resilience at the local and household level.

 Overall, CSNSHG programme and CSIAP, in general, have contributed significantly not only to the economic and food security dimensions but also to the social and human development of women empowerment in rural Sri Lanka. Such contributions have advanced various SDGs both directly and indirectly. While the contributions are more direct to SDG 5 (Gender Equality), they occur essentially via their impacts on SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). 

On this International Women’s Day, it is worthwhile to record, share, and disseminate such positive evidence of women empowerment occurring at the grassroots level of countries such as Sri Lanka. Hope more such local and international evidence of this nature would flow in coming years!  

By Ms. Sharmila Shanmuganathan, Gender Development Officer, Project Management Unit, CSIAP