Bio-fencing to mitigate human elephant conflict "The World Elephant Day"

Elephants are a cultural symbol in Sri Lanka, so the jumbos are of economic importance. They play a major role in environmental sustainability and are considered as ecosystem engineers.  Elephant Reintroduction Foundation and Canadian filmmakers Patricia Sims and Michael Clark initiated the World Elephant Day in 2011 since then the event is marked annually on August 12.The World Elephant Day has been launched to reiterate the threats to the elephant such as poaching, habitat loss, and conflict with humans, and mistreatment in captivity. World Elephant Day urges people to support organizations that are striving to stop illegal trade of the pachyderm and protect its habitats. The Day enhances to provide sanctuaries and alternative habitats to enable elephants to live freely. Elephants are playing an important role in safeguarding a sustainable biodiversity system. They create habitats for the other species in the ecosystem. When they drop waste while roaming in search of food, their dung carry seeds across a large area; feed numerous menial species, and refreshes environment when rain water absorbed by the underground through their stomping.

The most severe threat to elephants is global illegal trade. In recent years illegal trade has increased enormously so much so that more than 100 elephants loss their lives daily in some parts of the world. Asian elephants are killed for the skin as it is of commercial and medical value. Increasing human settlements have exploited the habitats of the elephant, and the situation has caused conflict between the man and the elephant. In addition, elephants have already been suffering the climate change impacts such as flood and drought.

The Climate Smart Irrigated Agriculture Project (CSIAP) of the Ministry of Agriculture mainly funded by the World Bank has pledged to improve climate resilience among farmer community thereby increasing the productivity of the irrigated agriculture. The project has planned to cover over 375,000 ha in some selected climatically vulnerable hotspot areas in 11 districts in Northern, Eastern, North Central, North Western, Southern and Uva provinces in Sri Lanka.

The human-elephant conflict is significant in all the CSIAP hotspot areas. Economic and population growth has imposed huge demands and pressure on wildlife resources and their habitats in these areas. The expansion of human settlements to the elephant habitats is a common scenario in all hotspot areas, in such a background the conflict between the man and the animal is inevitable. The decline in elephant habitats exploits natural food sources from the animals that compel elephants to roam into nearby villages in search of food. Consequent to this, the relationship between the man and the elephant is deteriorated thereby posing a threat to both the man and the elephant. As the main objective of the CSIAP is to improve the productivity of irrigated agriculture, it is a challenge before the Project to establish a coexistence mechanism between the human beings and the elephants because the cultivation in the hotspot area is often threatened by wild animals especially the elephants. To mitigate the conflict the project has planned a direct coexistence mechanism that would bring long-term solution to human-elephant conflict. Under this plan the CSIAP is focusing on management efforts on site-specific considerations as well as the formulation and application of strategic plans at the landscape level that directly address underlying anthropogenic drivers and their Spatio-temporal variation.

The CSIAP Agro ecological Landscape Resilience Plan (ALRP) has proposed to study the seriousness of human elephant conflict over the last 10 years. Particular emphasis has been given on the number and intensity that exist in its landscape today, and how it will increase and intensify with the agricultural expansion and productivity improvement. Mapping of the potential movements of the elephants has suggested mitigation measures. These maps would help identify the intensity of the conflict and the places prone to the threat,   existing elephant corridors, and current elephant movement patterns within the area. Further, the ALRP would study the people’s attitudes on human elephant conflict, traditional knowledge and practices on mitigation such conflicts and evaluate the current status of the existing electric fences and the locations, effectiveness, and gives a recommendation for their improvements.

In order to avoid intensifying of conflict between the man and the animal, innovative landscape level strategies and 479 km long extent “Community owned village/paddy fencing” will be set up in ten districts where wildlife and humans can co-exist in the same landscape. 7265 persons will be benefited by the bio fencing to be set up at a cost of Rs.39.3 million. The CSIAP has already identified 114 units of bio fencings in hotspot areas. The bio fencing program has several activities such as community awareness on maintenance of fencing, protection of elephants and people and long-term coexistence. The CSIAP promotes the man and elephant co-existence within hotspot areas while promoting environmental conservation in the tank-based cascades.

Written by Dr. Janaka Jayawardena, Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialist, CSIAP, on behalf of the World Elephant Day. 

The CSIAP Provides AIs in Trincomalee with Rs: One Million of 10 Soil Testing Kits

The Climate Smart Irrigated Agriculture Project (CSIAP) funded by the World Bank provided Agriculture Instructors (AIs) in Trincomalee District with 10 Soil Testing Kits valued at Rs: one million. The goal of soil testing is to provide an accurate assessment of the soil's fertility to make fertilizer recommendations for farmers in the CSIAP command area of the Trincomalee District.

Mr. M. Parameswaran, Deputy Director of Agriculture (Extension), Trincomalee District, received soil testing kits from Dr. M. Ariyadasa, Deputy Project Director, CSIAP, Eastern Province last week. The CSIAP delivered another 21  soil testing kits among AIs in  Ampara and Batticaloa recently. The total value of the entire 31 soil testing kits given in the Eastern Province was  Rs: 3.1 million. The staff of the Deputy Project Director’s office, CSIAP in Eastern Province attended this programme.

Top officials in Uva observe Mung Mean and Groundnut Cultivation of the CSIAP

The top officials of Uva Province headed by the by Mr. P.B.Wijerathne, Chief Secretary, Uva Province visited Buduruwagala area observed Mung Mean and Groundnut Cultivation carried out under the Climate Smart Irrigated Agriculture Project (CSIAP).  Mung Bean seeds worth over Rs. 826,200.00 were given to 101 farmers and Groundnut seeds worth over Rs. 599,000 were given to 41 farmers in Buduruwagala by the CSIAP.

Mr. G. Samarasinghe, District Secretary, Monaragala, Mr. R. M. T. B. Hathiyaldeniya, Agriculture Secretary, Uva Province, Mr. Chandana Ratnayake, Divisional  Secretary, Wellawaya, Mr. I.H. Dharmarasekara, Provincial Deputy Project Director, CSIAP  and officials of CSIAP  attended this visit.

The CSIAP reviews its activities with top officials in the Uva Province

The Deputy Project Director Office of the Climate Smart Irrigated Agriculture Project (CSIAP) reviewed its activities with top officials in the Uva Province (NWP) and schedule to accelerate them in the province.  This special meeting, which, was held  at the CSIAP’s Provincial Deputy Project Director Office at Wellwaya recently,  was chaired by Mr. P.B.Wijerathne, Chief Secretary, Uva Province.

Mr. G. Samarasinghe, District Secretary, Monaragala,  Mr. R. M. T. B. Hathiyaldeniya , Agriculture Secretary, Uva Province, Mr. Chandana Ratnayake, Divisional  Secretary, Wellawaya, Mr. I.H. Dharmarasekara, Provincial Deputy Project Director, CSIAP  and officials of CSIAP  attended this event.

The CSIAP distributes liquid fertilizer to 101 farmers in Wellawaya, Monaragala

 The Climate Smart Irrigated Agriculture Project (CSIAP) funded by the World Bank distributed liquid fertilizer to the Buduruwagala  Farmer Organization in Wellawaya, Monaragala to apply for  41 ha of Mung Bean cultivation in Buduruwagala area. The purpose of providing liquid fertilizer is to support farmers to obtain high Mung Bean yield under the mid season cultivation programme.

This fertilizer distribution ceremony was held under the patronage of  Mr. P.B.Wijerathne, Chief Secretary, Uva Province in Buduruwagala recently. The value of liquid fertilizer delivered was Rs: 37,312.00. Mr. I.H. Dharmarasekara, Provincial Deputy Project Director, CSIAP and his staff organized the above programme.

Mr. G. Samarasinghe, District Secretary, Monaragala,  Mr. R.M.T.B. Hathiyaldeniya , Agriculture Secretary, Uva Province, Mr. Chandana Ratnayake, Divisional  Secretary, Wellawaya, officials of Provincial Irrigation Department, Interprovincial Department of Agriculture, Provincial Department of Agriculture, Department of Agrarian Development, CSIAP and Members of Buduruwagala  Farmer organization were present in the event.